Singularity functions consist of:

Singularity functions consist of:

• A. Sine, cosine, and exponential.
• B. Step, ramp, and delta functions.
• C. Heaviside function only.
• D. Only delta functions.

Answer: (B)

Singularity functions are basic signals used to represent abrupt changes and impulses in a system. The delta function models an instantaneous impulse at t = 0; the step (Heaviside) function captures a sudden jump that occurs at t = 0 and persists afterward; the ramp function describes a signal that is zero before t = 0 and then increases linearly for t ≥ 0. Together, step, ramp, and delta form the common set of building blocks for representing non-smooth behavior and impulses in signals and systems analysis. In contrast, sine, cosine, and exponential are smooth, continuous functions with no impulses or discontinuities, so they aren’t part of singularity functions. A set that includes only one type or only smooth functions wouldn’t capture the sudden changes and impulses that singularity functions are used to model.